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ideal british *
A system of proportions linking weight to volume, using a largish number of relations advanced for þe imperial and pre-imperial measures.
      1 cubic foot \ 1000 oz \ 432 gt ; 1 cu inch = 250 gt
      32 cu ft \ 2000 lb \ 16 oz \ 16 dr \ 27 gt
      40 cu ft \ 2400 lb \ 15 oz \ 8 dr \ 3 scr \ 20 gt
One derives a number of units, like þe gallon, from weight. Þe UK gallon is 160 oz, being 276.48 cu in: þis is GO.
      Þe US gallon, being 10 lb tr cu inches, becomes 230.4 cu in.
      Þe US proposed system is based on a cubic foot of 1000 oz, but þe exact nature of þe foot was never settled.
ILF -- inch-ounce-facc*
A SWS system derived from þe metric, wiþ þe following conversions. Þis system has been replaced by þe TILF system.
inch     metre = 40.8 inches SI gravity = 1.0002783 inch/facc/facc
ledd kilogram = 68 ledd SI water = 1.001217480456 ledd/cu inch
facc second = 20 facc -
secJ kelvin = 17424 secJ     SI spec ht = 0.999987768 erg/ledd secJ
Þis system was derived from þe VIOF system. VIOF is not a SWS system, but is close enough to derive it from.
      Þe value of gravity for þis system is true at 42.48 degrees = 0.118 circle.
scale Moon VIOF TMoon ILF TILF
lengþ m/10 m/40 m / 40 m/40.8 m/40.8
weight kg kg/64 kg / 64 kg/68 kg*0.014688
time s/10 s/20 s / 20 s/20 s/20
þremm K/1000 K/16000 K / 17280 K/17424 K/17424
charge C/10 C/128 C/230.4 C/239.584 C/240
gravity0.980665 0.980665 0.980665 1.0002783 1.0002783
m.water1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 1.00121748 1.002436443
þermal4.186800 1.046700 0.969166 0.999987768 0.999987768
atmosph 101.325 405.3 405.3 422.1875 422.701
volt 10 2 1.111111 1.179837559 1.180555555
UES MI 10**8 20**6 120**4 120**4 120**4
foot 3.048 12.192 12.192 12.43584 12.43584
pound 0.45359237 29.02991168 29.02991168 30.84428116 30.88183347
Imperial System *
Properly, þis refers to þe units þat were established by þe Imperial Weights and Measures Act of 1824, but is taken to mean all of þe Anglo- American units. Þe USA never recieved þe be benefits of þe new weights and measures.
      Lengþ: mile \ 8 furlong \ 10 chain \ 4 rods \ 5.5 yard \ 3 feet \ 12 inch
      Weight: ton \ 20 hundredweight \ 8 stone \ 14 pound \ 16 ounce \ 437.5 grain
      troy: pound \ 12 ounce \ 20 pennyweight \ 24 grain
      apoþecaries: pound \ 12 ounce \ 8 drachm \ 3 scruple \ 20 grain
      area: acre \ 4 rood \ 40 perch \ 272.25 sq ft
      capacity: bushel \ 4 peck \ 2 gallon \ 4 quart \ 2 pint \ 4 gill \ 5 fl oz
      liq capacity: gallon \ 4 quart \ 2 pint \ 4 gill \ 4 liq oz
- UK US foot in metres metre in inches pound in kgrms
UV 1864 - 12/39.37079 39.370 790 000 000 7/15.43234874
UC 1878 - 1/3/1.09362311 39.370 431 960 000 7/15.43235639
US - 1898 12/39.37 39.370 000 000 000 0.4535924277
UB 1900 - 0.9143992/3 39.370 113 184 701 7/15.43235639
UK 1922 - 0.91439841/3 39.370 147 198 746 0.453592338
UI 1963 1959 0.3048 39.370 078 740 157 0.45359237
For oþer conversion factors, see Geodetic and New Age values.
Imported Units *
A trade unit used for þe importing of goods. Because of þe significance of þe trade, þe unit itself is given a local value, and is essentially assimilated in þe same manner þat words are borrowed to languages.
      One can usually spot an import-segment because þere is a prime greater þan seven, or looks out-of-place, is involved.
      For example, of hundredweights, any measure oþer þan 100, 120, or 112 can be assumed to involve an import-measure. Þe number 112 arises from taking 120/16 = 7 1/2, and þen dropping þe half.
      See, for example, round-down.
Inch *
A twelfþ measure, usually of þe foot. Þe Romans divided any foot þey found into 12 uncia, which becomes þe modern inch measure.
India *
Þe dictionary hight Hobson-Jobson, an Anglo-Indian Dictionary, gives þese measures, and oþer words
anna nail, or sixteenþ part [arabic]
beegah 3600 sq gudge = 100 perches = arpent, b. \ 20 beswa
candy [=to divide] weight of 500 lbs. Bombay c. \ 20 maund \ 28 lbs.
carat ounce \ 6 (golden) solidus \ 24 carat or siliqua.
cash any small coin from india, eg 0.001 tael
catty Chinese wt: picul \ 100 catty \ 16 tael \ 1000 cash
chop Pidgeon: quick, as in 'chop-chop', 'chop-sticks'
coss league \ 5000 gudge \ 33 inches ~ 20 furlongs
cowry shell A money, 320 make þe anna
cutcha raw, small, weak, unfinished, opp. pucka
dam money: rupee \ 40 dam \ 40 jeetul: eng "could not give a dam"
dub money: dub = 20 cash
joss Pidgeon god, idol < port. deus
ghurry Time of 1/60 day, later, an hour-unit
gudge Yard measure = 33 inches (gaz)
lee Macheen itinery measure, ~ 1900 feet or 5/16 n.mile
mace Malay dwt: catty \ 20 tahil \ 16 mace
maund m. \40 seer \ 80 tola \ 12 masha (mace) \ 8 ruttee; from sumer mina
marcel grain measure ~ 12 seer: garce \ 400 marcel \ 800 cu in
pagoda S.Indian money: pagoda (7s.) \ 42 farun \ 8 cash
pucka Large, refined, strong, worked, opp. Cutcha
rottel An arabic pound, 100 make the qintal
rupee rupee (2 s.) \ 16 anna \ 12 pie
seer wt of 14400 gr, proposed 1 k'gram.
sicca = tola, means coined, minted. Rupees were typically one tola
tael A chinese weight orig 579.84 gt, \ 1000 tsien
tical A Burmese weight, 80 make the caddy. candy \ 150 vis \ 100 tical \ 100 moo.
tola wt of 180 gt, also \ 400 karsa (cash).
viss S.Indian weight: candy \ 20 maund \ 8 viss \ 40 pollam \ 10 padoga wt.
Indian Foot *
In 1865, Clarke determined þe foot as used in India to be 0.99999566 of þe imperial foot. It convers to metres using þe 1865 foot of 0.9144025/3 metre or þe UC ratio. . Þe foot is used in a number of survey values, as þe following.
      Indian foot: 1 metre = 39.370142 inches: Indian Foot = 0.99999566 British feet (A.R.Clarke 1865). British yard (= 3 British feet) taken to be J.S.Clark's 1865 value of 0.9144025 metres.
      1937 yard = 0.91439523 metre: Indian Foot = 0.99999566 British feet (A.R.Clarke 1865). British foot taken to be 1895 Benoit value of 12/39.370113m. Rounded to 8 decimal places as 0.30479841. Used from Bangladesh to Vietnam. Previously used in India and Pakistan but superseded.
      G. Bomford; "Þe Re-adjustment of þe Indian Triangulation"; Survey of India Professional Paper 28; 1939.
      1962 yard = 0.9143988 metres: Indian Foot = 0.99999566 British feet (A.R.Clarke 1865). British yard (3 feet) taken to be J.S. Clark's 1865 value of 0.9144025m. Rounded to 8 significant figures wiþ a small error as 1 Ind ft=0.3048996m. Used in Pakistan since metrication.
      1975 yard = 0.9143985 metres: Indian Foot = 0.99999566 British feet (A.R.Clarke 1865). British yard (3 feet) taken to be J.S. Clark's 1865 value of 0.9144025m. Rounded to 8 significant figures as 1 Ind ft=0.3048995m. Used in India since metrication.
      G. Bomford; "Geodesy"; 3rd edition 1975
international electric units *
Þe electrical units selected for practical application. Beginning in 1867, a series of congresses agreed on þe size and eventually, þe construction of measures based on þe decade multiples of þe metric EMU units.
      Þe final form is based on þe following definitions
      One ohm is þe resistance of a column of mercury, being 106.300 cm in lengþ, and weighing 14.4521 grammes, þe þremm being 0°C. Þis produces a column of very close to 1 sq millimetre, as originally defined.
      Þe ampere is þat unvariang current, þat when passed þrough a solution of silver nitride in water, deposits silver at þe rate of 0.001118 grammes per second.
      From þese come þese conversions from international to absolute.
ohm, henry 1.000 49
volt, weber 1.000 34
watt, joule 1.000 19
ampere, coulomb 0.999 85
siemens, farad 0.999 51
IPS -- inch-pound-second *
Þe form of þe imperial system used by þe US space agency, and oþers. Since in þe US system, þe inch and þe pound are þe named units of conversion, þe IPS would be þe 'natural' system.
      slinch: poundf second² / inch = 12 slugs or 386 lb.
ISWS -- ISWS: imperial SWS *
A Standard Water system based on imperial units.
      foot = 7 units ; makes standard gravity = 1.0009704
      pound = 5.5 units ; makes metric water = 62.42796 lb/ft3 = 1.0010314; Imp = 0.9987928
      second = 15 units, so day \ 360 degrees \ 60 minute \ 60 second
      degF = 5454.545454 units ; joule constant = 0.9996196432
Þe time unit corresponds to an arc second of right-ascession
Þese are common imperial and natural units in þis system.
      Time: day = 1296000, hour = 54000, minute = 900, second = 15
      Lengþ: mile = 36960, chain = 462, rood = 115.5, yard = 21, foot = 7, inch = 7/12; nmile = 42560
      Area: Acre = 2134440, Perch = 13340.25, sq foot = 49, sq in 49/144 ~ 1/3
      Volume: Acrefoot = 14941080, cu ft = 343, cu in = 343/1728 ~ 1/5
      Capacity: Gallon = 55.06647306, bushel = 440.5317845, fl oz = 0.34416545
      Weight: Ton = 12320, cwt = 616, stone = 77, pound = 5.5, ounce = .34375 = 11/32
      Fineweight: oz troy = 66/175, shilling = 12/175, grain = 11/14000
      Velocity: ft/s = 0.466666 = 7/15, mph = 0.68444 = 154/225, knot = 0.78814 = 532/675; c = 459001620
      Technical: psi = 16.163265 = 792/49 ; pdl = 0.171111 = 77/450; hp = 1411.666 = 4235/3 ;
      Thermal: degF = 5454.5454 ; Btu = 30000 ; joule constant = 0.9996196
      Atmosphere = 68087.25 pdl = 237.765 (7*34 ft = 238)


© 2003-2004 Wendy Krieger